Os Arquitetos da Fantasia: Estúdios que Moldaram a Animação coloque os logos desses estúdios Walt disney, dreamworks, illumination, studio ghibli toei animation From the Attic to the Hacienda: The Genesis of The Smiths The Smiths were an influential British rock band formed in Manchester in 1982. The quartet consisted of Morrissey (vocals), Johnny Marr (guitar), Andy Rourke (bass), and Mike Joyce (drums), with the iconic partnership between Morrissey and Marr at the forefront of songwriting. The band is widely considered a cornerstone of 1980s independent music and one of the most important bands in the history of UK rock. The first meeting between Morrissey and Marr—then only 14 years old—occurred in August 1978, when mutual acquaintances introduced them during a Patti Smith concert at the Apollo Theatre in Manchester. A few years later, in May 1982, Johnny Marr and his friend Steve Pomfret went to Morrissey's house in Stretford to invite him to form a band. Marr was impressed by Morrissey's cultural background, who had already written a book about the New York band New York Dolls, of whom Marr was also a fan. Marr's audacious initiative was inspired by Jerry Leiber, who had previously started the legendary songwriting duo Leiber & Stoller by approaching Mike Stoller directly at his home. The next day, Morrissey called Marr to confirm his interest in the proposal. A few days later, Morrissey and Marr held their first rehearsal in Marr's rented attic in Bowdon. Only Morrissey and Marr were present at this first rehearsal. The rehearsal served specifically to test the chemistry of their songwriting partnership. Morrissey provided the lyrics for "Don't Blow Your Own Horn," the first song they worked on; however, they decided not to keep the song, with Marr commenting, 'neither of us really liked it.' The next song they worked on was "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle," again with lyrics by Morrissey. Unlike "Don't Blow Your Own Horn," "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" was recorded and officially released in February 1984 on the band's self-titled debut album, simply called The Smiths. Marr based the rhythm on the song "Kimberly" from Patti Smith's debut album, Horses, released in 1975. This album is considered one of the most important records in rock history and a fundamental landmark for the emergence of the punk and alternative rock movements. The third track the duo worked on was "Suffer Little Children," also present on the debut album. Along with these original compositions, Morrissey suggested a cover of "I Want a Boy for My Birthday" by the American R&B group The Cookies. Although he had never heard the song, Marr agreed with the choice. He appreciated the subversive element of a male vocalist singing it, which reflected the duo's deliberate desire to transgress gender and sexuality norms in rock, inspired by the New York Dolls. In late 1982, Morrissey chose the band's name, The Smiths. He later said that "it was the most common name and I thought it was time for ordinary people in the world to show their faces." Around the time of the band's formation, Morrissey decided he would be publicly known only by his surname; Marr referred to him as "Mozzer" or "Moz." In 1983, he forbade those around him from using the name "Steven," which he detested. After remaining with the band for a few rehearsals, Pomfret left in a conflicted manner. He was replaced by bassist Dale Hibbert, who worked at Decibel Studios in Manchester, where Marr met him during the recording of Freak Party's demo, "Kraak Therapy". Freak Party was the band that Johnny Marr and Andy Rourke had in 1981, shortly before the creation of The Smiths. The band was a trio composed of school friends Johnny Marr (at the time still using the surname Maher) on guitar, Andy Rourke on bass, and Simon "Funky Si" Wolstencroft on drums. Unlike the indie rock that made The Smiths famous, Freak Party played experimental and danceable funk. Rourke and Marr were heavily influenced by The Clash's album Sandinista! and by black music rhythms. The band lasted only a few months. They decided to end their activities because they couldn't find a suitable vocalist and because Marr wanted to change musical direction. Through Hibbert, The Smiths recorded their first demo at Decibel on an August night in 1982. With Simon Wolstencroft on drums, the band recorded "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" and "Suffer Little Children". Wolstencroft wasn't interested in joining the band, so after auditions, Mike Joyce joined; he later revealed that he was under the influence of magic mushrooms during his audition. Meanwhile, Morrissey took the demo recording to Factory Records, but Tony Wilson wasn't interested. In October 1982, The Smiths made their first public appearance as the backing band for the traveling jazz and salsa collective Blue Rondo à la Turk during a student music and fashion show, "An Evening of Pure Pleasure", at the Ritz in Manchester. During the performance, they played their own compositions and "I Want a Boy for My Birthday." Morrissey had orchestrated the show's aesthetic; the band entered the stage to the sound of Klaus Nomi's version of Henry Purcell's "The Cold Song" playing on the venue's sound system, before his friend James Maker joined them on stage to introduce the band. Maker remained on stage throughout the performance, reporting that "they gave me a pair of maracas – an optional extra – and carte blanche. There were no instructions – I was there to drink red wine, make unnecessary hand gestures, and stay within the narrow, chalk-marked circle Morrissey had drawn around me. "Hibbert was allegedly unhappy with what he perceived as the band's "gay" aesthetic; in turn, Morrissey and Marr were unhappy with his bass playing, so he was replaced by Andy Rourke. Hibbert denies objecting to the band's perceived gayness and said he wasn't sure why he was asked to leave. In December 1982, The Smiths recorded their second demo at Drone Studios in Chorlton-cum-Hardy; the tracks recorded were "What Difference Does It Make?", "Handsome Devil," and "Miserable Lie."This recording was used as an audition tape for EMI Records, which rejected the band. The band continued to rehearse, this time upstairs in the Crazy Face Clothing store on Portland Street, a space secured by their new manager, Joe Moss. By Christmas, they had written four new songs: "These Things Take Time," "What Do You See in Him?", "Jeane," and "A Matter of Opinion," the latter of which was discarded shortly afterward. Their next show was at the Manhattan in Manchester in late January 1983, and although Maker appeared again as a go-go dancer, this was the last time he did so. In early February, they performed their third show at the Haçienda.